The self-employed workforce, which today accounts for 55 million Americans, or roughly 36 percent of the American workforce, is rapidly growing. One segment of self-employed are on-demand workers which provides an alternative to the nine-to-five job and companies such as Uber, Airbnb, and GrubHub are effectively reshaping the economy. Other segments include freelancers, independent contractors and other businesses of one. It’s forecasted that by 2020 there will be more than 60 million Americans who are in some aspect self-employed.
This trending phenomenon offers a unique opportunity for tax professionals to expand their client base. These emerging entrepreneurs are usually heads down on building their operation and don’t have the time or expertise to learn about tax implications on their own. Thus, as their trusted advisor you can advise them on some easy-to-digest tax topics and help them save vital tax dollars and improve their cash flow.
Starting a new business operation can involve spending money so it’s important to understand the associated tax rules.
Deducting startup expenses
The government allows businesses to write-off $5,000 of startup expenses. This $5,000 deduction is reduced by the amount that your total startup expenses exceed $50,000. Any startup costs that are not deducted in the current year can be amortized ratably over a 15-year period, beginning in the month you start operations.
You can elect to forgo this election and make a different election to capitalize your startup costs. The costs then become part of the basis in the business and are not recovered until the business is sold or you go out of business.
Making the election
You can elect to deduct the startup expenses by claiming the deduction on your tax return on Form 4562 for the tax year in which the active trade or business begins. You must file the return by the due date, including extensions. For costs paid or incurred after September 8, 2008, you are not required to attach a formal election statement to your return. The election to amortize or capitalize startup costs is irrevocable.
Startup costs defined
Business startup costs are amounts paid or incurred for:
- Creating an active trade or business, or
- Investigating the creation or acquisition of an active trade or business
Qualifying costs eligible for amortization (must meet both conditions):
- A cost you could deduct if incurred to operate an existing trade or business, and
- A cost you incurred before the day the trade or business begins
Examples of startup costs:
- An analysis or survey of potential markets, products, labor supply, transportation facilities, etc.
- Advertisements for the opening of the business
- Salaries and wages for employees who are being trained and their instructors
- Travel and other necessary costs for securing prospective distributors, suppliers or customers
- Salaries and fees for executives and consultants or for similar professional services
Please note, once the enterprise actually begins operations all business expenses are deductible.
Miscellaneous issues
Non-qualifying costs include deductible interest, taxes or research and experimental costs. When you purchase an active trade or business, the amortizable startup costs only include investigative or searching costs. If you completely dispose of your business before the end of the amortizable period, you can deduct the remaining startup costs (but only to the extent they qualify as a business loss).
Costs of organizing a corporation or partnership
Amounts paid to organize a corporation or partnership, such as legal and filing fees, are the direct costs of creating the entity. Like startup costs, these organization costs can also be expensed up to $5,000 in the current year. The $5,000 deduction is reduced by the amount that your total organization expenses exceed $50,000. Any organization costs that are not allowed to be expensed can be amortized over a 15-year period.
Unsuccessful attempt to go into business
The costs fall into two categories:
- Costs incurred prior to deciding to acquire or begin a business are personal and nondeductible (e.g. expenses paid during general search for or preliminary investigation of a business or investment possibility)
- Costs incurred in your attempt to acquire or begin a specific business are capital expenses and can be deducted as a capital loss
The costs of any assets that you purchased during an unsuccessful attempt to start a business are part of the asset basis. These costs cannot be deducted but are recovered when you dispose of the assets.
As discussed, the rules associated with deducting start-up costs can be involved. However, the tax professional can boil down these concepts for the budding entrepreneur to understand and coach them along so they can take full advantage of these important tax breaks.
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Mike D’Avolio, CPA, is senior tax analyst with the Intuit ProConnect Group. He has been a small business tax expert for more than 20 years and serves as the primary liaison with the IRS for tax law interpretation matters, manages all technical tax information, and supports tax development and other groups by providing them with current tax law developments, analysis of tax legislation, and in-depth product testing.
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