From the August 2007 Issue
Virtually every week there is another headline about a major security breach
of digital data. What would be the impact to your firm’s reputation if
it were the victim of such an attack? Security today is very serious business,
but it is an area that tax and accounting firms tend to downplay or assume is
being properly handled by internal IT resources. In most firms, the IT team
is understaffed and focused on keeping the network stable, which takes all of
their time. Seldom do they have adequate training to be aware of today’s
security threats, let alone ensure that the network is properly protected against
those threats. For this reason, I recommend that ALL firms outsource all the
upper-level security requirements to an external IT organization with specialists
on staff whose sole role is to keep up with security issues and to develop a
security routine to make sure the firm is protected.
Independent Security Audits
Firms should consider having an independent third party conduct a security audit
whenever they have implemented new servers or made any significant change in
their Internet connectivity. I recommend that this be a different group than
the external network integrator the firm utilized to install the network, and
they should have a person on board that specializes in security so you truly
get an independent review. While all “one shot” security installations
should be outsourced, there are maintenance items that internal IT personnel
should monitor regularly, which I’ve outlined below.
Viruses
According to the CIS/FBI 2006 Computer Crime and Security Survey, viruses caused
the greatest amount of financial losses to businesses, so it is imperative that
the firm utilize an antivirus application that is reliable and updated frequently.
Today, I recommend that firms stick with one of the major providers such as
Symantec/Norton, McAfee or Trend Micro. Most firms originally set the default
to update its virus footprints on a daily basis. Today, these settings should
be updated to provide automatic notification when an update is available or
to check at least on an hourly basis. To add an additional layer of antivirus
security, many firms are now going to e-mail management companies such as Postini,
BrightMail and AppRiver to do enterprise class antivirus filtering along with
their spam management services, prior to delivering e-mails to the firm, which
can create two-layer protection against viruses and other malware.
Spyware
Spyware is another type of malware that can impact the performance of computers,
and it is recommended that firms have at least two products at their disposal.
In addition to the industry favorites of WebRoot SpySweeper, AdAwareSE, and
SpyBot Search and Destroy, Microsoft has rolled out its own Windows Defender
product that has proven to be effective. Firms should have a process in place
to verify that workstations regularly have their virus and spyware “footprints”
updated and that these workstations are scanned.
Unauthorized Access to Firm Data
Another primary security threat to firms is the ability for unauthorized personnel
to access the firm’s data through its Internet connection. While virtually
all firms have a firewall in place, the installation and maintenance can still
leave the firm unknowingly exposed. To see if your firm’s firewall has
been certified by today’s standards, ICSA Labs (www.icsalabs.com) maintains
a database for this purpose. It is also important to have your firewall checked
regularly to ensure that no changes have been made without the firm’s
awareness. One easy-to-use service is ShieldsUp! from Gibson Research Corporation
(www.grc.com). This utility will scan the first 1,056 Internet ports and let
you know if those ports are open, closed or in stealth mode. The firm’s
network administrator can run this test regularly as part of an IT flash report
to compare to previous results and help determine whether or not to contact
the firm’s security support group.
Current Network Operating System
Not keeping your network operating system current is another security risk to
firms. Each year, the SANS top 20 (www.sans.org) lists the most critical Internet
security vulnerabilities, most of which can be protected against by having the
current network operating patches loaded. To see how well your firm is protected
against the top 20 vulnerabilities, which account for the vast majority of breaches,
Qualys (www.qualys.com) has a utility that you can download and run against
your systems. In addition, as most tax and accounting firms utilize the Windows
network operating systems, firms can download Microsoft’s Baseline Security
Analyzer, which is an automated tool that evaluates your current security status
as well as recommends which patches you should install. Implementation of patches
can be further automated with Microsoft’s Windows System Upgrade Server
to notify the firm’s IT personnel as soon as new updates and patches are
released.
Access Controls
Access controls are another area where firms are notoriously lax. This begins
with the building’s security code. Ideally, each person would have their
own access code, which could be terminated with the employee. For firms that
only have one security code for all personnel, it is important to change that
whenever there is a change of personnel or of maintenance service providers.
Another access code is the individual passwords of firm personnel, which should
be changed at least twice per year with rules enforced by the network operating
system. Today, it is recommended to have at least eight characters that contain
case sensitive alphabetic, numeric and character symbols to make them hard to
guess. For a sample password policy (and other computer usage policies), SANS
(www.sans.org) provides them on its website.
Computer/Internet Usage Policies
Finally, it has often been said that people are the weakest link in the security
arena, so it is imperative to make them aware of security threats and keep them
updated on firm computer policies. It is recommended that firms have a computer/Internet
usage policy in place that is reviewed annually to make sure it covers today’s
technologies such as wireless and remote access, PDA usage, and threats like
pharming and phishing, as well as how to respond to a security situation. Scheduling
an hour annually to educate firm personnel will help keep them informed and
better protect the firm.
Conclusion
Security of firm information resources is everyone’s responsibility. To
optimally protect the firm will require a combination of internal and external
technical resources as well as education and awareness of all firm personnel.
Act today to minimize your firm’s risk in the future.
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